While many propulsion related discussions of today’s ICE are revolving around the high volumes of engines produced for the automotive industry, this paper addresses the future of the ICE through the lenses of our applications and industries. In recent years, the increasing focus on de-carbonization of the power train of on-highway applications has also reached many applications in the off-highway markets. In the most recent decades of ICE development, the main focus was on the increase of power density, on the performance map (aiming at optimizing fuel consumption at given load and speed profiles), on efficiency improvements and on emissions reduction.
